Today, in 1966, we lost actor Clifton Webb at 76. He had a long, distinguished and successful career. When I see his name, I am reminded of The Man Who Never Was, the 1956 film that gave Stephen Boyd his big break.
Webb played Lt. Cmdr. Ewen Montagu, the genius behind Operation Mincemeat, a Second World War plan that fooled the Germans. Montagu was very helpful to me and it his him I want to talk about here.
This is an extract from my book, Stephen Boyd: From Belfast To Hollywood:
Montague himself was a very interesting man and he gave me personal insight and assistance in the writing of this chapter in Stephen Boyd’s career, even entrusting me with the loan of his personal copy of the screenplay.
The
second son of the second Baron Swaythling, Montague was educated at
Westminster, Harvard and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was called to the bar in 1924 and took
silk in 1939, and became a successful judge, albeit with a sharp tongue and an
impatience to not suffer fools gladly.
At one judicial session, he proclaimed that half the scum
of England was going into the Merchant Navy to escape military service. Later, he apologised for his comments, but,
probably knowing that his controversial words had made their point. His book, “The Man Who Never Was”, has sold
over two million copies since publication.
It’s contents include details of specific events that had occurred ten
years earlier during the Second World War.
Montagu
worked in the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty. In the summer of 1942 he was largely
responsible for the conception of a tactical plan that eventually tricked the
German High Command into believing that the Allied invasion of Europe would
come through Greece instead of Sicily.
Lord Ismay, Chief of Staff to Winston Churchill during World War II said
that to mystify and mislead the enemy has always been one of the cardinal
principles of war and Montagu clearly believed that too.
His plan
was called Operation Mincemeat. The idea
was macabre to say the least. An
anonymous corpse dressed as a Royal Marine officer, given the false name of
Major William Martin and equipped with bogus “top secret” documents was to be
launched from a submarine off the coast of Huelva in Spain and allowed to drift
onto the shore. There were many months
of painstaking work to develop the plan.
One of the biggest problems was to find a body and then to prepare it to
look as if it had drowned. After years
of classification and mystery, the likely choice of the corpse has been
revealed by Ben MacIntyre, in his book “Operation Mincemeat,”
as Glyndwr Michael, a Welsh vagrant who died on the streets of London in
January 1943.
At the
time, Montague and his cohorts spun the story that a young man who had died
recently from pneumonia had been identified as suitable. It was said that his family granted
permission for his corpse to be used in this strange strategy. The mixture of fact and fiction in this tale
was to re-emerge in the film.
At
Huelva, it was known that an active Nazi agent lived and worked on that part of
the coast and that he would make it his business to obtain copies of the “top
secret” documents that would then be passed to Berlin. The grim, dubious, highly ludicrous but
ultimately brilliant plan was implemented and it all worked beautifully. German military manoeuvres were delayed
sufficiently to give the Allies an advantage.
Ewen
Montague summed up his delight:
“We fooled those of the Spaniards who assisted the
Germans; we fooled the German Intelligence Service both in Spain and in Berlin;
we fooled the German Operational Staff and Supreme Command; we fooled Hitler
himself and kept him fooled right up to the end of July.”
Not long
after publication, the film rights were acquired by the legendary Sir Alexander
Korda for his London Films company. A
screenplay was prepared by an American writer and was subsequently
ditched as unsatisfactory. A second
adaptation was commissioned giving writer Nigel Balchin the opportunity to
produce a script that was fresh, gripping and faithful to
the facts. Montague, pleased about the
plans for a film of his work, told me:
“I used to be a frequent
cinemagoer and I always tried to follow Stephen Boyd’s career as, according to
the press at the time of “The Man Who Never Was”, that was his first big chance
– so I felt a semi-paternal interest. I
only met him briefly at the preview although I was on the set several times
and, indeed, took the one-line part of the Air Vice Marshall who, at the Deputy
Chiefs of Staff conference blew cold water on the plan.
In common with masses of
cinemagoers around the world, as well as viewers of TV in many countries, I
thought the film really brilliant. There
had been a disastrous script by an American writer. Nigel Balchin then did a completely fresh and
different one (I think that it was also his first big chance). Before starting on it he had a talk with me
and pointed out that it was necessary o bring in some “action” as the actual
operation was virtually static. So we
agreed on a slip that we planners could have made, which would have given any
enemy investigators a lead-in, and on what sort of agents the Germans could
have used at this stage of the war. It
would probably have been a neutral diplomat (but that would have limited the
number of countries in which the film could have been shown without
governmental trouble) but it was just possible that they would have used an in-and-out
Irishman. He then concocted the
brilliant film in which there was much that did not happen, but nothing that
could not have happened – unlike most spy films.”
<<<<<END>>>>>
Clifton Webb played the part well, in a stiff-upper-lip fashion, perfect for the storyline. The plan to dupe the Germans was risky and it needed a clear-thinker, focused and determined to see it through. Ewen Montague died at 84 in 1985.
Stephen Boyd: From Belfast to Hollywood
Stephen Boyd: From Belfast to Hollywood
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